Castings

Traditional clothes of Kabardians and Balkars. Pants were worn under the shirt. Below, they tucked into morocco socks or shoes. Clothing and its decorations

Archaeological materials relating to the national dress of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria allow us to judge the materials used in clothing, and partly about women's costume.

Women's headdress was a pointed felt hat with a conical top made of bronze or silver. Also found were bronze plates in the form of a diadem, decorated with a stamped dotted geometric ornament.

Materials for the manufacture of clothing can be divided into those obtained in the household and imported. The sources of the latter were different. From time immemorial, trade routes have been going through the Western Caucasus, connecting the countries of Central Asia with the Black Sea coast and sometimes starting in China. Cattle breeding served as a source of local materials (sheepskin, leather, sheep wool, from which felt was felt and cloth was woven).

Kabardian women were excellent weavers. The cloth they made was used for sewing menswear, and in earlier periods women's dresses and shawls were sewn from them. The skins of cattle and goats were used to make shoes. From sheepskins they sewed fur coats, hats, sometimes trousers, which were worn on koshes. Felt hats, high warm stockings, legs and shoes, as well as cloaks were made from wool, and special shepherd's clothes were sewn - gebenek.

One of the most important elements of a women's costume was scarves, shawls, and later - scarves. They formed the basis of a women's headdress, which consisted of 1, 2, and sometimes 3 scarves; shawls were thrown over the shoulders, replacing the coat; older women tied a scarf or shawl instead of a belt. They were part of the dowry and served as wedding gifts. A defining word was added to the common name of scarves and shawls, characterizing the material. So, for example, a scarf woven from silk threads; from silk woven with a pattern; thin handmade silk shawls, decorated with a heel.

Men's clothing consisted of a shirt, pants, beshmet, Circassian. Sheepskin or sheepskin were worn as warm clothes. fur coat. A cloak served as a traveling clothing. A fur hat or a felt hat was put on the head, and in bad weather a hood. On their feet they wore leggings made of cloth, felt or leather, shoes with a seam at the instep or with soles woven from belts. Felt stockings, soft socks made of morocco were known. There was a leather belt with a metal set.

The main clothing of the Kabardians, as well as other peoples of the Caucasus, in their everyday environment was beshmet. It was worn at home, during work.

The Circassian was mainly a weekend and festive wear, and not everyone had it. It was sewn from homespun cloth in natural colors of wool - black, white, gray, brown. The white Circassian was considered more elegant. The length of the Circassian changed according to fashion. Particularly long (up to the ankle) Circassian was worn by individual dandies. It was only comfortable for the rider. Usually the Circassian was slightly above or slightly below the knees. The Circassian was always worn buttoned up, pulled up, with a belt. The belt was obligatory for the man. If he was without a Circassian, the belt was put on a beshmet. A belt made of a narrow belt with a metal buckle and a tip was decorated with plaques of various shapes. A dagger or a knife, a flint, an oil seal, a screwdriver, a bag for bullets and other items related to weapons and caring for them were hung on the belt.

The necessary clothing for the highlanders - cattle breeders, who spent many months on mountain pastures, was a fur coat - a tone sewn from sheepskin. Its cut was close to the Circassian. She was put on a beshmet or Circassian, and sometimes under it. The chest was closed, the lace button fastening; sheepskin collar - stand-up. It was called a pleated fur coat.

A cloak, the manufacture of which was a difficult matter, served as a travel clothes for a rider, an obligatory accessory for a herdsman. Burka covered the rider entirely, and also covered the horse. She protected the rider from rain, snow, wind and sun.

The men's clothing of the Kabardians was distinguished by considerable stability.

The general appearance of the male costume of the Kabardians - a taut, stately silhouette is typical of the highlanders of the Caucasus.

At its core, women's clothing did not differ much from men's in terms of names and cut, but due to the nature of the fabrics, some details of decoration and decorations, it seems unlike it.

A long tunic-shaped shirt with a slit on the chest and a clasp at the collar was put on the body, with a long sleeve up to the brush. Casual shirts were sewn from paper fabric in discreet colors. Favorite colors are dark red, yellow, rarely blue and white. Very fond of silk with a sheen. At dress shirts, the sleeve expanded downwards, often sheathed with galloon. It reached knee length and below and was visible from under the sleeve of the dress.

Pants were worn under the shirt. Below, they tucked into morocco socks or shoes.

From 10-12 years old, a caftan was put on a girl over a shirt. Gradually, those parts of the caftan that were not visible from under the dress (back, upper part of the sleeves) began to be made of cheaper fabric, and then the caftan fell apart into cheaper parts: a collar, a bib, shelves hanging on a belt, and armlets from elbow to wrist.

The collapse of the caftan led to changes in the shape of the fasteners. These fasteners, earlier in their design, corresponded to the function of tightly pulling together the floors of the caftan on the chest. When, at the end of the 19th century, they began to wear a bib instead of a caftan, this design of the fasteners turned out to be unsuccessful, since in the absence of tension they spontaneously unfastened.

In this regard, the master jewelers changed their device.

A dress was worn over the caftan. The women's dress, unlike the Circassian, was very long, almost to the ground, but also had a slit from the front to the floor, an open chest, a peculiar cut of the back adjacent to the waist, and other features characteristic of the Circassian.

The festive dress of a Kabardian girl, especially a rich and noble one, was richly decorated with galloons and gold embroidery. Galloons were sheathed on the sides, hem, bottom of the sleeves. Along the slit in front, along the hem, sometimes on the chest there was gold embroidery. The dresses of Circassian women, Adyghe women and Balkar women were embroidered in the same way, but by the nature of the ornament, Karachai and Balkar dresses were distinguished by their monumentality and massiveness of embroidery, the predominance of gold threads in sewing over silver ones. Elegant dresses were most often sewn from velvet - dark red, or from dense silk - smooth or with a jacquard pattern.

The types of belts changed over time, but the appearance of a new type of belt did not supplant the older forms, which usually remained with the older generation. The oldest type of belt was a morocco belt, on which nine "pieces" of silver were fastened - a small buckle, eight plaques - round, oval, rectangular or figured. The second type is a belt made entirely of silver, made up of rectangular plates connected by hinges, and a figured buckle fastened with a hook or rod.

All the peoples of the Northwestern and Central Caucasus are characterized by the predominance of sewn-on ornaments. But, perhaps, most of their number is typical for Karachays. So convex, hollow, oval or almond-shaped silver pendants - zyngyrla were sometimes sewn on the chest of the cut, silver triangular cases were attached. Leaf-shaped pendants were sometimes sewn to the sleeve along the seam from the elbow to the wrist, while chains were worn on the sleeves, connected at the elbow and wrist with plaques.

Bunluk is of great interest. Known under this name regular bracelets worn on the wrist, as well as a bracelet worn or even sewn on the bottom of the sleeve of a dress or caftan in the form of a cuff.

Marina Gubirova
Synopsis of the NOD "History of the development of Kabardian national clothes"

Program content:

Educational:

Expand children's knowledge of Kabardian national clothes.

Learn to see and know what clothing national ornaments, sewing shape, fabric color. Introduce history of the Kabardian national costume, with the features of its appearance;

Give the concept of everyday and festive costume.

Educational:

Develop children have the ability to compare, describe, draw conclusions; Enrich vocabulary by name clothes,

develop speech, memory, desire to participate in a collective conversation, to prove a point of view. Encourage creativity and curiosity. Develop sustained interest in fine arts;

fine motor skills of fingers;

Educational:

Cultivate interest in Kabardian folk traditions, love for one's people, respect for clothes, benevolent attitude towards peers and adults.

Materials for the lesson: Image presentation Kabardian national costumes. Sataney in Kabardian national costume. Pictures of hats and armlets for decoration with beads and gold threads, glue, puzzles "Adyge fashche".

preliminary work: Looking at illustrations with Kabardian national costumes, reading Kabardian folk tales.

Dictionary: hood, cloak, bib, armlet, ornament, Circassian,

gazyrs, gazyrnitsy, shawl.

Course progress.

1. Organizational moment: children enter the hall and stand in a circle.

caregiver: guys, look how many guests we have. Say hello to them. Everyone turned to me. Let each of you put your hand to your heart, listen to how it beats. Did you listen? Hold hands and share some of the warmth and love from your heart from the palm of your hand to each other, smile each to your neighbor. Look everyone at me. In your eyes, I saw curiosity, a desire to communicate with me and with my friends.

AT: Guys! Today I have prepared a surprise for you. We will get into our past Kabardian people when our great-grandparents lived. Let's see and talk about what clothes they went.

And to get there, we need to find the key to the door.

Since ancient times, our people have been famous for their traditions, customs, delicious food, beautiful clothes, proverbs, where they expressed their mind and experience accumulated over many centuries. According to proverbs, one can judge the values of a particular people; they also display the most diverse aspects of people's lives.

And if you remember folk Kabardian proverbs our doors will open.

1 reb: Nemys zdeshchymy1e, embankment shchy1ekyym.

2 reb: Ui psal'e ge1esi, ui nemys gebyde.

3 reb: Ui yapek1e bdza myvem, uhuozezzh.

4 reb: Lezhyg'em ug'el'ap1e, shkh'hynag'em ug'epud.

5 children: Gupsysi psal'e, zyplyhyi t1tys.

6. reb: 1st pshch1aue, f1ym uschymygugu.

7. reb: F1y psch1ame, f1y kypok1ue.

8. reb: Ulazheme ski pshhynsch, Umylazheme lazhe bguetynsch.

The doors open slowly to the quiet national music, and the children fall into the past tense. The room is furnished with antiques, as well as hanging National costumes(female and male).There is a woman in the room in national costume sitting and sewing national hat.

AT:Guys! Oh look, it's Satan.

Where did she come from (from Kabardian fairy tale.)

What is the name of the fairy tale? (Son of stone.)

And who is Sataney (She is Sosruko's mother)

Let's go up to her and say hello.

D: Hello Sataney!

FROM: Hello, my dears! Welcome! It's good that you got here. And you will learn a lot about national costume. Earlier, in ancient times, the peoples of the North Caucasus wore National costumes. (Slide number 1) And each nation had its own costume, which was different from others. Our Kabardian national the costume is very beautiful. Look (show picture (Slide number 2) costumes are various: for every day and holidays in women and in men.

(Slide number 3) Kids, do you know what it's called? National suit for women and men?

D: Adyge fashche.

FROM: Well done!

2. C: (Slide number 4) Now look at this women's suit.

AT: Our children know what a women's costume consists of.

Guys, remember what a women's suit consists of?

D: From a dress, a bib, an armlet, a hat with a shawl, a belt, a gold belt.

AT: That's right, children, well done!

AT: Guys, before the dress was sewn from expensive heavy fabrics: velvet, thick silk.

AT: Guys, do you know how they decorated the dress?

D:Embroidery decorated the edges of the cut of the dress ( national ornament-apple branch, ram horns, animal tracks, trefoil, etc.).

AT: They embroidered like that because Kabardian people have long been engaged in agriculture and this was reflected in the patterns.

AT: Well done!

AT: (Slide number 5) Our children still know when to wear sleeve pendants. Let's remember when sleeve pendants are put on.

D: They are worn on holidays, solemn days, even during weddings.

AT: I'll tell you why they were worn.

Previously, men were not allowed to look at the girl's hand, and at the wedding, the girls hid their hands with an armlet, and so that during the dance, the men did not touch the girl's hand.

AT:(Slide number 6)-Who will show me the bib?

D: Here is the breastplate.

AT: Well done! In the bib, pendants were often sewn along the slit along the sides of the fasteners, located one under the other from the shoulder to the waist. Do you know what pendants they decorated with?

D: They looked like balls on chains.

AT: Well done, right!

(Slide number 7) And on the head of the girl they wore hats with a shawl.

Hats vary in height. What shape is the hat?

D: Cylinder shape.

AT: The basis of the cap is a hard cardboard, which was then covered with a fabric made of velvet, cloth. Decorated also national ornaments.

AT: Guys, here we have examined the female National Costume, remembered what it consists of, learned a lot of new things.

Sat: Guys, now I suggest you play a very interesting game.

3. Physical Minute: The game "Py1e kuedze".

Well done everyone sat down.

4. In:(Slide number 8) Now look at the male clothes.

Remember what parts the male consists of clothes?

D: Circassian coat, hat, hood, shirt, belt, dagger, pants, nagovitsy.

AT: (Slide number 9) Circassian-men's upper clothes. It was sewn mainly from a fabric of natural wool color - brown, gray. What other colors?

D: Black, white, blue.

The Circassian received its name from the Russians, who first saw it on the Circassians-Circassians.

How was the Circassian decorated?

D:(Slide number 10) The Circassian was decorated with gazyrs.

AT: On both sides of the chest, gazyrniki were sewn onto the Circassian. Gazyrnitsy - pockets with small compartments, into which they put round wooden or bone tubes with charges for firearms prepared in them. Before when Kabardians went to war, in a Circassian on both sides they left one empty gazyrnitsa, one for heavily salted and smoked meat, if the food suddenly runs out, so that they can refresh themselves. And they put a needle and thread into another empty gas container, since from an early age children were taught to be neat, take care of themselves, walk clean, and if it suddenly breaks in the war clothes, even men could neatly sew up their clothes.

AT:(Slide number 11)-What is this guys? (Hats)

headdress at Kabardians mostly, matched them clothes. In summer they wore a felt hat, and in winter and in the autumn-spring period - a sheepskin hat, a hat.

AT:(Slide number 12) The headdress was complemented by a cap. This is a cloth pointed hood, worn in bad weather over any headdress. The hood has long blade ends for wrapping around the neck. The edges of the hood were sheathed with a ribbon of simple, and sometimes of silver or gold threads.

Remember what it is and how it was decorated?

D: Bashlyk, decorated with silk or wool braid.

AT:(Slide number 13) Upper clothes was a cloak - a felt sleeveless cloak. Burka replaced a waterproof raincoat during rain, protected from the summer heat and cold wind, served as a bed in the steppe and pasture. Sat: Guys, and now in our time, when they dress national clothes(Slide number 14)

D:Now, national clothes brides wear during weddings and holidays.

AT:Our national clothes are the culture of the Kabardian people. We must protect national clothes to keep it for the next generation. And our children, Sataney, love their land very much, protect and protect. This is what Lanochka will tell us about.

Reb: Heaven of the Circassians, land of the Circassians,

Rising into the sky, I admire you.

Heaven of the Circassians, land of the Circassians.

While I live, I breathe you.

5. In: And we have a surprise for you Sataney.

To do this, we will be divided into three groups.

The first team will work at this table, you need to help Satanya collect a picture of Adyghe fashche.

And the second team will work, right here, they need to decorate the armlet, for this you need to apply glue on the ornaments and glue yellow shiny threads so that the armlet becomes not with simple embroidery, but with gold.

The third team will work at this table, there we have ready-made blanks of plasticine hats and you need to attach beads to make a golden hat.

Children do their work to calm music.

Sat: Do you know how to dance? Kabardian dance?

AT: Yes, they can and will show you now.

6.« Kabardian dance»

Educational project "General and special in national costumes Kabardins, Balkars and Terek Cossacks" Authors: Gunchenko Svetlana, Solomatina Kristina Head: Teslya Galina Vasilievna Municipal educational institution additional education children "Children's art school of the local administration of the city district Prokhladny KBR"

The most numerous peoples in our republic, Kabardino-Balkaria are: Kabardians (57.2%) Russians (22.5%) Balkars (12.7%).

The men's clothing of the Kabardians and Balkars is the clothing of a warrior, a rider, adapted to the conditions of their life. The men's clothing of Kabardians and Balkars, between which there were no significant differences, was characterized by a dark, restrained color scheme. The clothes fully corresponded to the highlanders' idea of the beauty of the male figure, emphasizing broad shoulders and a thin waist, its harmony and smartness, dexterity and strength.

The main parts of men's clothing were beshmet and pants. Beshmet - clothes in the form of a caftan with a stand-up collar, reaching, as a rule, to the knees. The trousers consisted of straight, slightly tapered trousers, between which a diamond-shaped wedge was sewn. Beshmet

The full costume of the Kabardians and Balkars included a Circassian coat, which was worn over the beshmet. She served to some extent as elegant clothes and she was put on when going to public places. The Circassian was sewn from the highest quality homespun cloth, usually gray, white and black. The Circassian coat tightly fitted the figure to the waist and expanded towards the bottom; instead of a collar, it had a cutout on the chest, from which a beshmet peeked out. Cherkeska

On both sides of the chest, gazyrniki were sewn onto the Circassian. Gazyrnitsy - pockets with small compartments, into which they put round wooden or bone tubes with charges for firearms prepared in them. The poor peasants had simple, wooden caps with white bone tips, while the rich ones were made of bone, with blackened silver or even gold caps. Subsequently, gazyrnitsa lost their purpose and were preserved as decoration. Gazyrnitsa

The headdress of the Kabardians and Balkars basically corresponded to their clothes. In summer, they wore a wide-brimmed felt hat, and in winter and in the autumn-spring period - a sheepskin hat, a hat. The Balkars wore a papakha and summer m. The most common color of the papakha was black, but there were also white and gray ones. hat

The headdress was complemented by a cap. This is a cloth pointed hood, worn in bad weather over any headdress. The hood has long blade ends for wrapping around the neck, it was made of white, black or brown homespun cloth. The edges of the hood were sheathed with a ribbon of simple, and sometimes of silver or gold threads. Hood

The outerwear was a cloak - a felt sleeveless cloak. Burka replaced a waterproof raincoat during rain, protected from the summer heat and cold wind, served as a bed in the steppe and pasture. The cloaks were made from black wool. They had a shaggy surface, narrow shoulders and a wide bottom. The collar of the burka had a special fastener. Rich and noble people sometimes wore white cloaks. Burka

Men's suit the Terek Cossacks consisted of military uniform and everyday clothes. The uniform included: shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hood, winter cloak, hat, boots. The cut of the Circassian was entirely taken from neighboring peoples - Kabardians and Balkars. The Circassian coat of the Terek Cossacks was sewn from factory black cloth. The sleeve of the Circassian coat was lined with a bright blue color, since its lapel was a kind of costume decoration. A beshmet was visible from the deep cut of the Circassian coat. On the chest, the Circassians sewed a gazyrnitsa.

A thin waist and a flat chest were considered the ideal of female beauty. For this, mountain women from the age of 10-12 wore morocco corsets with wooden planks worn on their naked bodies. An undershirt was worn over the corset. A dress was always worn over the shirt. The dress matched the cut with the Circassian - swinging to the floor, without a collar, with an open chest and a clasp at the waist.

Otherwise, only the sleeves of the dress were sewn. At first, the sleeve was cut almost to the very top, descended much below the hand and ended in a rounded blade. Later, the sleeve was made narrow, above the elbow, and separately - a sleeve pendant-blade, which was hung above the elbow. The blades were embroidered with gold and silver. Sketches of pendants - blades

The dress was decorated with ornamental embroidery on the sides, hem, bottom of the sleeves. All elements of the ornament had a certain semantic meaning and were associated with religious rites. Ornaments and symbols of animals: Ornaments and symbols of crosses: Ornaments and symbols of heavenly saints, natural phenomena and deities: Ornaments and symbols of birds:

An important part women's clothing there was a caftan that was worn under a dress over a shirt. The caftan was made short and tightly pulled the figure. Its cut coincided with the beshmet, the clasp was in front and went from the neck to the waist, sometimes there was a standing collar. For decoration, several pairs of silver clasps, sometimes gilded, were sewn on the chest. From under the dress, the chest of a caftan with fasteners was visible. Gradually, from the caftan there was a bib with clasps, with a standing collar. It was also worn under a dress. The belt played an important role. It was worn over the dress, tightening the waist.

The girls wore high hats various kinds- cylindrical, cone-shaped, rounded shape, sometimes the cylinder was combined with a cone. The lower part of the cap was covered with a wide galloon of gold and silver threads. The top was covered with cloth or velvet and decorated with narrow galloons. At the very top there was an ornament in the form of a round or oval knob - made of silver or silver threads. Often the bump was replaced by various images: a bird, a crescent, a flower.

In the 18th - first half of the 19th century, the clothes of the Terek Cossacks were similar to the clothes of the Kabardians and Balkars. The basis of the costume was a shirt with flared sleeves. A swing dress was worn over the shirt. They sewed a dress with a detachable fitted bodice. A wide gathered skirt was sewn to the bodice. The dress was girdled with a velvet belt with gold or pearl embroidery or a silver pattern. The outer clothing of the Cossacks was not decorated with embroidery.

The brightness, gaiety, independence of the character of the Cossack woman are reflected in her outfits. Since the second half of the 19th century, such a type of clothing as a “couple” (skirt - jacket) has spread. The jacket was called a jacket, blouse, cuirass. Breastplate - a tight-fitting jacket with a small peplum to the hips, narrow long sleeves gathered at the shoulder, with a stand-up collar, fastened in front with many small buttons. Cossack women wore lace shawls - "fashions"

Blouses and sweatshirts were sewn in a loose cut, without a waist, half a quarter below the waist, with a clasp at the back or side, with a stand-up collar and long or elbow-length sleeves gathered at the shoulder. They trimmed blouses with elegant buttons, braid, home-made lace, garus, beads. Shlychka came into fashion - a headdress of a married woman in the form of a small round hat worn on a knot of hair. The Cossack woman's costume was complemented by black or red patent leather boots with heels.

General and special in the national costumes of Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks. The men's costume of the highlanders and the Terek Cossacks includes the same items of clothing. These are beshmet, pants, cherkeska, hood, cloak, hat, boots or leggings.

The female costume of Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks in the 18th century had common features. This dress, similar in cut to the Circassian - swinging to the hem, without a collar, with an open chest and a fastener at the waist. At the mountain women, pendants - blades were sewn to the sleeve, and the dress was decorated with embroidery on the sides, hem, bottom of the sleeves. Terek Cossack women did not decorate their outer clothing with embroidery.

In the 19th century, the costume of the Terek Cossacks acquired the features of an urban costume, the “couples” of the Cossacks were not at all like the national costumes of the mountain women. Neither the Kabardians nor the Balkars liked bright colors, colorful clothes. And the women's costume of the Cossacks was distinguished by greater variegation, brightness of color combinations.

Conclusions: The clothes of the Kabardians and Balkars were multifunctional, expressed the status of a person, emphasized the beauty of the figure, which ensured her universal recognition in the Caucasus. The male costume of Kabardians and Balkars has practically no differences. The men's costume of the highlanders and the Terek Cossacks includes the same items of clothing, which indicates the mutual influence and interpenetration of cultures. The women's dress of Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks in the 18th century is a swing dress, similar in cut to the Circassian, which also indicates the kinship of the cultures of neighboring peoples. In the 19th century, the costume of the Terek Cossacks acquired the features of an urban costume and began to differ significantly from the costume of the mountain women. At the beginning of the 20th century, items of clothing borrowed from the Cossacks appeared among Kabardians and Balkars. Kabardians and Balkars did not like bright colors, colorful clothes. The women's costume of the Cossacks was distinguished by the variegation and brightness of color combinations. Common features in national costumes testify to the historical and spiritual connection of the peoples inhabiting our republic. The hypothesis expressed by us at the beginning of the work about the unity of the fundamental principle of the costumes of the Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks turned out to be correct.

Presentation on the topic: General and special in the national costumes of Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks

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Presentation on the topic:

slide number 1

Description of the slide:

Municipal educational institution of additional education for children "Children's art school of the local administration of the Prokhladny KBR city district" Educational project "General and special in the national costumes of Kabardians, Balkars and Terek Cossacks" Authors: Gunchenko Svetlana, Solomatina Kristina Head: Teslya Galina Vasilievna

slide number 2

Description of the slide:

slide number 3

Description of the slide:

slide number 4

Description of the slide:

slide number 5

Description of the slide:

The full costume of the Kabardians and Balkars included a Circassian coat, which was worn over the beshmet. It served to some extent as elegant clothes and was worn when going to public places. The Circassian coat was sewn from homespun cloth of the highest quality, usually gray, white and black.

slide number 6

Description of the slide:

On both sides of the chest, gazyrniki were sewn onto the Circassian. Gazyrnitsy - pockets with small compartments, into which they put round wooden or bone tubes with charges for firearms prepared in them. The poor peasants had simple, wooden ones with white bone tips, the rich ones - made of bone, with blackened silver or even gold caps. Subsequently, the gas bottles lost their purpose and were preserved as decoration.

slide number 7

Description of the slide:

The headdress of the Kabardians and Balkars basically corresponded to their clothes. In summer they wore a wide-brimmed felt hat, and in winter and in the autumn-spring period - a sheepskin hat, a hat. The Balkars also wore a hat in the summer. The most common color of the hat was black, but there were also white and gray ones.

slide number 8

Description of the slide:

slide number 9

Description of the slide:

slide number 10

Description of the slide:

The men's costume of the Terek Cossacks consisted of a military uniform and everyday clothes. The uniform included: shirt, bloomers, beshmet, Circassian coat, hood, winter cloak, hat, boots. The cut of the Circassian coat was entirely taken from neighboring peoples - Kabardians and Balkars. The Circassian coat of the Terek Cossacks was sewn from black factory cloth. The sleeve of the Circassian coat was lined with a bright blue color, since its lapel was a kind of costume decoration. A beshmet was visible from the deep cut of the Circassian coat. On the chest, the Circassians sewed a gazyrnitsa.

slide number 11

Description of the slide:

A thin waist and a flat chest were considered the ideal of female beauty. For this, mountain women from the age of 10-12 wore morocco corsets with wooden slats worn on a naked body. An undershirt was put on over the corset. A dress was always worn over the shirt. The dress matched the cut with the Circassian - swinging to the floor, without a collar, with an open chest and a clasp at the waist.

slide number 12

Description of the slide:

slide number 13

Description of the slide:

slide number 14

Description of the slide:

An important part of women's clothing was a caftan, which was worn under a dress over a shirt. The caftan was made short and tightly pulled the figure. Its cut coincided with the beshmet, the clasp was in front and went from the neck to the waist, sometimes there was a standing collar. For decoration, several pairs of silver clasps, sometimes gilded, were sewn on the chest. From under the dress, the chest of the caftan with clasps was visible. Gradually, from the caftan there was a bib with clasps, with a standing collar. It was also worn under a dress. The belt played an important role. It was worn over the dress, tightening the waist.

slide number 15

Description of the slide:

The girls wore a high cap of various types - cylindrical, cone-shaped, rounded, sometimes the cylinder was combined with a cone. The lower part of the cap was covered with a wide galloon of gold and silver threads. The top was covered with cloth or velvet and decorated with narrow galloons. At the very top there was an ornament in the form of a round or oval knob - made of silver or silver threads. Often the bump was replaced by various images: a bird, a crescent, a flower.

slide number 16

Description of the slide:

In the 18th - first half of the 19th century, the clothes of the Terek Cossacks were similar to the clothes of the Kabardians and Balkars. The basis of the costume was a shirt with flared sleeves. A swing dress was worn over the shirt. They sewed a dress with a detachable fitted bodice. A wide gathered skirt was sewn to the bodice. The dress was girded with a velvet belt with gold or pearl embroidery or a silver pattern. The outer clothing of the Cossacks was not decorated with embroidery.

Description of the slide:

Blouses and sweaters were sewn in a loose cut, without a waist, half a quarter below the waist, with a fastener at the back or side, with a stand-up collar and long or elbow-length sleeves gathered at the shoulder. Blouses were trimmed with elegant buttons, braid, home-made lace, garus, beads. Shlychka came into fashion - a headdress of a married woman in the form of a small round cap worn on a knot of hair. Black or red patent leather boots with heels complemented the Cossack costume.

slide number 19